These days new materials can perform under an incredible amount of stress, and many of them perform vital roles in our communities and businesses daily. The quality of materials has to improve to keep up with the increasingly harsh environments the materials are in. Heat is one of the most taxing elements that would tear down traditional materials. These days, modern mechanical parts perform incredible feats everywhere from rocket ships to ovens. Here are some applications where new high-performance parts have replaced traditional materials so that when they find themselves in hot water, they’re actually quite at home:

1. Fire-Safe Ball Valve Seats
Refineries and power plants house hundreds of valves that control the flow of oil, water, steam, and other liquids. There are certain critical valves that must be counted on to operate in the case of a catastrophic failure, including a fire in the system. High-temperature resistant valve seats made of specialized carbon graphite can operate and maintain their seal for hours at temperatures over 1000F where Teflon and other valve seat materials will melt and fail. Continuous evaluation of materials used in industries that deal with volatile substances in high-temperature and high-stress environments are necessary in reducing catastrophic material and system failures.

2. Air Bleed Valves And Bearings
Many systems on airplanes are driven by high-pressure air that is bled off the main engines. This high-pressure air is very hot, often over 900F. The airflow is controlled by high-temperature valves which should use low friction, non-galling bearing surfaces to minimize the torque required to open and close the valve and specialized materials for the stem bearings and radial seals.

3. Board Dryer Bearing
All plywood, gypsum board, ceiling tile, veneer boards, and other similar products must go through a drying process after they are formed. This process is performed in long, continuous, multilevel ovens at temperatures up to 1,100F. The boards are loaded onto decks that have rollers positioned every 12” to support them during the drying process. These rollers are supported on either side by customized carbon graphite bearings that provide sufficient lubrication and long life in high-temperature steam environments. The bearings are installed into quick change hardware that can be easily replaced during routine maintenance.

4. Combustion Exhaust Seal For Liquid Oxygen Propulsion Systems In Space Crafts
Spacecraft propulsion engines require the movement and sealing of extremely high-temperature gasses during take-off. The primary sealing materials in these engines operate at over 1000F. Customized graphite parts have the ability to provide a seal for the entirety of the take-off burn to deliver astronauts safely to complete their mission.

5. Rotary Baking Ovens
In the food industry, materials must be FDA-approved as GRAS and able to be used in continuously rotating baking ovens for bread, pizza, chips, and other foods. These ovens typically operate over 400F and more importantly cannot have oil or grease drip onto the food, so self-lubricating materials, such as special impregnated carbon graphite alloys, that can withstand both high temperatures and continuous movement over long periods of time are key here.

6. Hot Air Dampers For Power Plants
Dampers are used to control the flow of hot air into utility boilers. This air can be as hot as 900F, which can cause bearings lubricated with oil and grease to seize, resulting in lower efficiencies and unplanned shutdowns. Self-lubricating bearings that perform in high temperatures allow the dampers to efficiently modulate the hot airflow into power plant boilers. Regulation of power plant equipment and ensuring and that they are using the most modern and safe materials is certainly an important consideration when choosing materials for parts.

7. Ash Drag Out Conveyor Bearings
Drag conveyors are required at the base of power boilers, electrostatic precipitators, and other power generation equipment. These conveyors move hot fly ash, coal dust, boiler ash, lime, and other difficult materials that continuously fall from the bottoms of the equipment. The high temperature and polluted environment would cause traditional grease-lubricated bearings to fail, so custom materials are needed for the bearing material for screws, chains, and other moving parts.

Although they can span over several industries, these mechanical parts can be composed of similar materials. Specialized carbon graphite is an adaptable material which can be customized to resist oxidation at elevated temperatures and that is dimensionally stable, so that it does not melt like plastic would, and does not have the problems that conventional oil- and grease- lubricated parts would have, particularly in the demands of high-heat environments. These applications are examples of hot industries that benefit from innovating the materials they use to suit their environments, resulting in machines that are safer, and more efficient.